Donald j



D. J. ANGUS.

VOLT AMPEBE METER.

APPLICATION may) NOV.12, 192.

Reissued J une 6, 1922; 15 ,370.

AAAK/ 40/10 AA lZ Quorum UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE."

DONALD J'. ANGUS, 0F INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

VOLT-AMPERE METER;

To all rchovnit-nmy concern Be it known that I, DONALD J. Amine, a citizen of the United States, residii'ig at Indianapolis, county of lviario-n, State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Volt- Ampere Meter, of which the following is a 1n accomplishing this result, it produce interacting magnetic liuaes in an alternating-current meter, one of said lluxcs being proportional to the voltage and the other to the current of the circuit of which the voltampere consumption is to be u'ieasured, and I provide a movable member which varies in position upon variations in the phase relationship ot' the current and voltage of said circuit and which by such variation in position offset-s the change which such change in the phase relatitmship in the current and voltage oi said circuit would normally produce in said two tluxes and thus maintains substantially fixed such phase relatioi'iship oi the two fluxes in the meter; so that such two fluxes react to produce a meter movement proportional to the product of the volts and the current oi the circuit in question,

regardless of the. phase relationship of such voltage and current. In the form of my invention shown, I make this movable member separate from the meter proper, but this is not essential. in doing this, in the form of my invention illustrated, I supply one winding of a watt-meter through a transformer. having a rotating magnetic "field, of which transfori'ner at least the primary has a POlYP-lIZlSG winding and the primary and secondary are relatively mechanically rotatable to vary the phase relationship between the circuits thereof; and I connect the movable member of this transformer to the movable member of amotor device. of

which one member has a field excited in deli-- nite phase relationship with the voltage, and the other member afield excited. in definite phase relationship with the current of the main circuit, at least one of the members of the motor device having a rotating magnetic Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. lieiggi ed Jun 6, 1922 Original No. 1,342,081, dated June 1, 1920, Serial No. 319,765, file-ii August 3.5, 1919.

reissue filed November 12, 1921. Serial No. 514,787.

Application for field. In consequence, upon any phase shift of the current relative to the voltage in the main circuit, whether by lag or lead, there is a. relative mechaniuil movement between thetwo members of the motor device to maintain thereby the no-torque relation between the magnetic fields of such two members" and this mechanical movement of the mov able element of the motor device produces a mechanical movement 0 the m vable element 0-5 the rotating-lie d transformer to produce a phase shift in the secondary cirouit thereoi to correspond to the phase shift of the current, so that the phase relationship between the current and the voltage supplied to the meter, and therefore, the phase relationship between the current and voltage fluxes of the meter, is maintained always constant.

The accompanying drawing illustrates'my invention, in a system with the rotating-field transformer controlling the phase pdsition of the voltage impressed on the meter. In such drawing, the single figure is a semi-diagrammatic view showing the essential elements of one form of my invention. and their electrical connections. I

The three-phase circuit- 10-1l12 is the one of whicii the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured. The meter 13, in tlie arran merit shown where the relationship of the dunes is controlled by a. movable member separate trom the meter, may be any standard watt-meta, having terminals 14 15, 16, and 17 for its current coils and terminals 18, 19, 20, and 21 for its voltage coils,

In the system shown in the'drawing, the current-coil terminals are connected by wires 22, 23, and 2% to the usual current transformers 25, 2G, and 27, which are suitably connected in the main circuit. In these wires, however. are connected the exciting coils 28, 29. and 30 of one element, here shown as the stationary element, of a motor device M, so that a rotating magnetic field in definite phase relationship with the current in the main circuit is produced. in such element. The other element, in this case the movable element. of such motor device is provided with three exciting coils 31, 32, and 33, which are connected by wires 3%, 35, and 36 across the main circuit 101112 so that there is produced in this element of the motor device arotating magnetic field in definite phase relationship with the voltage of the main cirrujzit. The connections are such that these two magnetic fields rotate in the same direc' tion; The movable element of the motor device is tree to rotate, and it tends to take a po. ion so that its rotating magnetic field is exactly inspatial phasewith the rotating magnetic field in the other element. In case of phase shift of the'cnrrent relative to the voltage in the main circuit, whether loy lag or lead, the cur-rentproduced field in the motor device M correspondingly lags or loads; and in consequence the movable ele ment of the motor device moves in the direction in which the phase shift of the current-produced field has occurred and by the same amount, to maintain at all times the coincidenceot and the no-torque relation lietween the voltagaprodneed field and the ourrent-prodnced field. This same result is obtained it there is only one rotating magnetic field in this motor device, and the other mag netic lield is a, mereplternating field produced hy' a. single phase. In other Words, for instance, the coils 3E2 323, or the coils 729 and 30, may he omitted, and the action will he the same. i l

The movable element of the motor device M is connected by a shaft 3 K to the movable element of a rotating-field transformer T. which in the system shown controls the phase of the voltage impressed on the meter 13. The two elements oi. the transformer are relatively mechanically rotatable. The movahlc element of this transformer may he either the primary (ll'iil'tfi secondary, hut as shown is the primary The primary winding is a polyphase winding and omprises three coils 38, 39, and 40, which are com nected to the wires 254-, 35. and 36 in the same Way as are the coils Ill, 32, and 33, so that they ilrodi'u'xe a rotating field in definite phase relationship with and proportional to the voltage of the main circuit lll-ll-l2. The secondary winding of? the transformer T, as shown is also a polyphase winding, though that is not essential, and comprises tl'iree coils ll, l2, and ill, in which currents are induced by the rotating field produced.

hy the coils 3h, ill), and all). The secondary coils l1, and ii-5 are mnncctcd hy Wires l t, 4-5, and 4d to the voltage terminals of the Watt-mcter '13, to impress upon such vollagzc terminals a voltage proportional to tho voltage o l' the main cirl'uit l0l 1- 1 'll hciphase relationship laitwccl'l thcvoltage inup'csscd on the voltage terminals of the Watt-motor anclthe voltage of the main circuih however, may vary. depending upon the mecl'lanicnl position of the movahlcfmomher of the transformer T; and this mechanical position. llOlH-JHlS upon the position of the motor device ill \Vhen by reason of :1 phase shift of the current in the main circult in relation to the voltage thereof the exactly corresponds to the phase shift of the current in the main circuit, which latter phase shift caused the nicclmnical movements oithe movable members of the motor device M and transformer T; so that the phase position of the voltage impressed onthe watt-meter shifts corresprmdingrly Will) the current supplied to the current coils of the Watt-meter. In other Words the roltage impressed on the *att-meter al'ways maintained in a deliniteand unchangeahle phase relationship with the-current supplied thereto, and in consequence there always maintained a definite and uiu'hangcahle phase relationship between the current flux and the voltage fin): in the meter; so that the wattmetcr itsell always operates at a constant power factor, and so gives a true indication of the pri'uluct of the current and the voltage irrespective of the power factor of the circuit l(l--lll2,

I have shown my invention with all the windings star-connected and applied only to a three-phase circuit, and with the transformer T controlling the phase position of the voltage impressed. on the Watt-meter, and having the movable member which ultimately controls "the phase relationship of the current and voltage fluxes in the metcr separate from tlin meter itself. The invention however, is not limited to starconnccted Windingsor to three-phase cir cuits, hutisnpplicahlc to any kind of connections anctto any kind of circuits whereby rotating magnetic fields are in'mlucihle. Ncithcr is it limited, in its broader aspects, to the phase control ot' the roltao-e impressed on the lltii-l'l'letfll' although that is s 'iecifirally shown and descrihed as one Way of obtaining the desired control ol the phase relationship hetwccn the voltage flux and the current flux produced by theircspcctive sets of watt-mcter windings.

I claim as my invention:

1. Invcomhination, a motor having voltage and current winding. a lianshnnior having relatively moralrlc primary and secondary members of which at least the primary member is wound to produce a rotatin g magnetic licld the windingof the secondary im-uuhcr licing connected to the voltage winding of said motor and the winding of the 130 primary member being arranged for voltage connection across a polyphase circuit, and a motor device mechanically connected to said transformer and having two relatively movable members one of which is arranged to be excited in definite phase relationship with the primary of said transformer and the other of which is arranged to be excited in definite phase relationship with the current supplied to the current winding of the meter.

2. In combination, a meter having voltage and current wiinlings, a transformer hav ing relatively movable primary and secondary members of which at least the primary member is wound to produce a rotating magnetic field, the winding of the secondary member being connected to the voltage winding of said meter and the winding of the primary member being arranged for voltage connection across a polyphase cir cult, and a motor device mechanically connected to said transformer and having two relatively movable members one oil which is arranged to. be excited in definite phase relationship with the primary of said transformer and the other of which is arranged to be excited in definite phase relationship with the current supplied to thecurrent winding of the meter, the magnetic field produced by one of the members of said motor device being a rotating magnetic field.

3. In combination, a rotating-field transformer having relatively movable primary and secondary windings at least the primary of which is wound to produce a rotating magnetic field, said primary winding being arranged to have voltage connections to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured, a meter having current coils arranged to have current connections to said circuit and voltage coils connected to the secondary winding of said transformer, and a motor device mechanically connected to said transformer to con trol the relative positions of the primary and secondary windings thereof, said motor device being wound so that its position is controlled by the phase displacement of the current from the voltage in such circuit.

' 4. In combination, a rotating-fiel'd-transformer having relatively movable primary and secondary windings at least the primary of which is wound to produce a rotating magnetic field, said primary Winding being arranged to have voltage connections to circuit in which the volt-ampere consumptioniis to be measured, a meterhaving current coils arranged to have current connections to said circuit and voltage coils connected to the secondary winding of said transformer, and a motor device having a movable member mechanically connected to the movable member of said transformer, the windings of said motor device being arranged so that the position of the movable member of said motor device is a function of the phase displacement of the current from the voltage in said circuit.

In combination, a meter havingcurrent. and voltage windings, connections from such meter windings to a circuip'in which the volt-ampere consumption is t6 be meas ured, a motor device having amovable member and provided with windings which cause said movable member to take a position which is a functioning of the phase displacement of the current from the voltage in said circuit, and means operated by the movable member of said motor device for producing a corresponding phase displacement in the voltage impressed on thevoltage winding of said meter;

6. In combination, a meter having currentand voltage windings, connections from such meter windings to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured, a motor device having a movable member and provided with windings which cause said movable member to take a position which is a function of the phase displacement of th current from the voltage in said circuit, and a rotating field transformer having a movable member connected to the movable member of said motor device to take positions corresponding thereto, said transformer being connected in the connections between said circuit and thevoltage winding of the meter so that the phase position of the voltage, impressed on said voltage winding is controlled by the position of the movablemember of said transformer.

7. and current windings arranged for voltage and current connection respectively to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured, a motor device also arranged to be connected to said circuit and having a movable member the position oil which is controlled by phase shift of the current relative to the voltage in said circuit, and means operated by said motor de vice for producing corresponding phase shifts in the voltage impressed on the voltage winding of said meter.

8. In combination, a meter having voltage and current windings arranged for voltage and current connection respectively to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption to be.1neasured, a motor device also arranged to be connected to said circuit and having a movable member the position of which is controlled by phase shift of' the current relative to the voltage in said circuit, and a rotating field transformer ar ranged in the connectionsxfrom said circuit to the voltage winding of said meter and having its primary and secondary windings relatively mechanically movable by said In combination, ,a meter having voltage resijiertively in said rirrnit at current and voltage tionneetion respeetively.

to a eirenit in .\'lli(ll the volt-ann ere consumption is to he TIWHSHIHL a motor device having two relatively inovahle meznhprs arranged for excitation in. definite phase relationship with the enrrent and the voltage Ptfilktliltifl)" in said rireni'r at least one of said ineinhers having a rotating held. and a rotating field transtormer having rela tively movahle primary and secondary members the relative positions of which are controlled by th relative positions of the twomenilwrs ol"'said'1notor devicei said rorating field transtorn'ier heing eoniiected in the eonneetions from one winding ol" said meter to said circuit to prodnee in the cur rent supplied to said' winding phase shifts to eoinpensate tor the phase shifts of the eurrent relative to the voltage in said eir- It), In eoinl'iinatiim. ameter having enz' "rent and voltage windn'rgs arranged For eurrent and voltage eonneetion respeetively to a circuit in \vhieh the voltannpere eonsnl'nption is to he measured. a motor device having: two relatively movahle n einhers arranged "l'or exeitationin definite phase relationship with the current and the voltage least one ol said members having: a rotating field. and means rontrolled luv th relative position of the two meinhera of said motor device for prodneint in the current supplied to one set; ol windings of said ineter phase Shifts to compensate tor onaar shifts of the ei'n'rei'it relative to the volta re in said eh rnit and thus maintain eonstant the phase relationship between th enrrents earried hyllhe two sets; of windings ol said meter.

ll. ln tlllllllllllll'lllllm a melee having cur rent and voltage vvinilinoia'eonnertions from snrh meter windings lo a eirenit in \Vhieh the volt-ampere eonsinn ition is; to he measured, a motorderire having a inorahlo il1("l1ll\tl'illltl provided with windingswhich cause said movable nieniher to take a position whirh is a Function of the phase displaeeinent of the enrrent from the rolta 'e in said eirenih andmeatasr operated hr the n oval'ile member of said'hnotor derive tor nrodneii'lg in the eorrent supplied to one winding ot the meter phase thitts To compensate tor phase shifts of the enrrent relative to the voltage in said eirenil to maintain in (-onstant phase relationship the enrrents in the voltage and enrrent windingfirt the meleiu 1B. in eoinhina-lion a, meter having current and voltage windings. eonneetions from such meter windings to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption to he meas ured, a motor deviee having a movahlemem her and. plfll 'ltlfl \With Wioiil'ings which ea we said moraine men'iher to take a posi;

HlCtLlDIl of the phase (lisplareliient of the warrant from the voltage in said cirenit, and a rotating; .tlelcl transtornierlowing a n'iorahle rnenihei. connect 1 to the mo ahl weather of said motor device to take positioi corresponding thereto, said .tranaloriner being: eonnected in the eonnec tions hetween said eireliitand one winding of the meter so that a eonipensating phase displaeenient will he produced in such meter winding.

l3. In romhination, a meter having cur? rent and voltage windings, connections from such meter windings to awircuit in which the volt-ampere ("O1 mmptioa is to he measured, a nn'i'tor device l'ifl'vlllg a m vable memhe i and provided with windings Whieh cause said movable member to take a position \vhieh a hinetioit of the phase displacement of the enrrent, from the voltage in said circuit. and i'neans operated by the movable member of said i'notor i'leriee producing in the voltage im 'iressed on the mltage Winding 01 said meter a phase t llfil illtltfimflnli from the voltage of said circuit which a function of the first-married phase displacement.

H. In comloination a rotating field trans "former having relatirel movable primary and seeondary members, at least the primary inelnher of said tmnstormer being Wound to prodnee a, rotatio magnetic Hold. the pri niary winding at said transformer being eonneeted so that it is excited. in proportion to and in definite phase relationship with the voltage oi. an alternating current circuit, and. a motor device rueehanically connected to d tranal'ori'ner to control the relative positions of the 1t iniary and secondary members thereof, said motor deri e being wound on that lie position controlled by the phase displaeennnit ot' the enrrerit from the 'roltae'e in said circuit.

15. ln oinhii'iatiom a rotating fieldtranstorn'ier having relatively movable primary and secondary nienihera at least; the primary member at said transformer being Wound to prodnre a rotating :rnagnetio field, the prin'iary winding: ol? said transformer being connected so that it 515 emitted in proportion to and in definite pl'iase ,relatiol'ishiprvith the voltage of a a alteii'natii'ig militant oircuit and a motor device mechanically connected to said translm'mer to control the relative poeitiono of the i'n'in'iary and secondary I'nemhers thereofi said motor device having two relatively 'nneehainieall movable mane hers \vliiel': are exc'rited in tletli'iite phase rela tionship to the voltage and to "the current respectively of said cireuit.

ltl. la eomhniation, a rotating field .tranar i sition of the mo former having relatively movable primary and secondary members. at least the primary member of said transformer being wound to producea rotating magnetic field, the primary winding oi said transformer. being connected so that it is excited in proportion to and in definite phase relationship with the Voltage of an alternating eurrentcircuit, and a motor device havinga movable member mechanically connected to the movable member of said transformer, the windings of said meter device being arranged so that the povable member thereof varies With phase in. the currc'atrelative to the voltage in said circuit in the proper direction and by the proper amount to produce a. phase shift of the voltage in the secondary winding of said transformer to maintain the secondary voltage of said transformer in definite phase relationship with the current of said circuit.

17. In combination, a meter having voltage and current windings arranged for voltage and current connection respectively to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured, a motor device also arranged to be connected to said circuit and having a movable member the position of which is controlled by phase shift of the current relative to the voltage in said circuit, and means operated by said motor device for producing phase shifts in the current supplied to one of the meter windings, by amounts corresponding to said first named phaseshifts and in the proper direction to maintain constant the phase relationship between the currents in the voltage and current windings of the meter.

18. In combination, a meter having voltage and current windings arranged for volt-- age and current connection respectively to a circuit in which the volt-ampere consumption is to be measured, a motor device also arranged to be connected to said circuit and having a movable member the position of which is controlled by phase shift of the current relative to the voltage'in said circuit, and a rotating field transformer arranged in the connections from said circuit to one of the windings of said meter and having its primary and secondary windings relatively mechanically movable by said motor device to produce phase shifts in the current supplied to that meter Winding by amounts corresponding to the first named phase shifts and. in the proper direction to maintain constant the phase relationship between the currents in the voltage and current windings of the meter.

19. In combination, a rotating field transformer having relatively movable primary and secondary members, at leastthe primary member of said transformer being wound to produce a rotating magnetic field, the

primary winding of said transformer being. I

it is excited from an al ternating current circuit, and a motor device mehanically connected to said transformer to control the relative positions of the primary and secondary members thereof, said motor device being wound so that its position is controlled by the phase displacement of the current tromthcvoltage in said circuit.

20. In combination, a rotating field transformer having relatively movable primary and secondary members, at least the primary member of said transformer being wound to produce a rotating magnetic field, the primar 1 winding of said transformer being connected so that it is excited from an alternating current circuit, and a motor davice mechanically connected to said transformer to control the relative positions of the primary and secondary members thereof, said motor device havingtwo relatively Inechanically movable members which are excited in definite phase relationship to the voltage and to the current respectively of said circuit.

21. A volt-ampere meter, comprising metor elements having current and voltage windings, means for connecting said current and voltage windings for energization respectively in proportion to the current and voltage of an alternating-current circuit, the aforesaid parts including two members movable relatively to each other and each provided with field-producing windings, said two members being arranged sothat 100 the windings of one are in the magnetic field which the windings of the other produce, at least one of said two fields being a rotating field, said members being arranged to-be varied in relative position by the inter- 105 acting of said two fields in accordance with variations in the phase relationship of the current and. voltage in such circuit and by connected so that .said variations in position to ofiset the tionship of said voltage and current fluxes.

22. A volt-ampere meter, comprising meter elements having current and voltage windings, means for connecting said current and voltage windings for energization respectively in proportion to the current and voltage of an alternatingcurrent circuit, the aforesaid parts including twoinembers movable relatively to each other and each provided with field-producing windings, said two members being arranged so that the windings of one are in the magnetic field which the windings of the other produce, said members being arranged to be varied in relative position by the interacting of said two fields in accordance with. variations in the phase relationship of the current and 101mg: in such circuit and by said varim tions in position to offset the cl'lange which such un-intian in the phase relationship of the current :2 11d voltage in said circuit would prne'luue in the current and vuiiage fluxes in said meter and thus to maintain substam tially fixed the phase relationship of said voltageuand current fluxes.

In wltness whereof, 1 have Immunto set 10 'my hand at,Indimnmpolis Indianmfhis 9th day of November, A. I). 0116 thousand nine hundred and twenty one DONALD J" ANGUEL 

